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Long readIDRWednesday, 26 August 2026

Reimagining urban housing for migrant workers

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Long-form analysis — an in-depth researched piece examining a policy area. Context and interpretation rather than a policy instrument.

Summary

India’s economy is sustained by a vast, informal migrant workforce that circulates between villages and expanding urban and industrial clusters. This migrant workforce contributes to 10% of India’s GDP, working in the construction sector, manufacturing industries, domestic work, the hospitality sector, and street vending. Their numbers range between a 2018 estimate of 63 million ‘vulnerable circular migrant workers’ in urban areas, to a 2020 estimate of 250 million circular migrant workers, not

Key Facts

TypeLong read
SourceIDR Online
PublishedWednesday, 26 August 2026
Affected Population~100 million urban housing shortage, 30 million rural

Key Numbers

PMAY: 4.13 crore houses total sanctioned
Urban housing shortage: 10 million units
Affordable Housing Fund: Rs 25,000 crore
GDP: $3.9 trillion (2025 est.)

Key Authorities

Ministry of Housing & Urban AffairsNHBMinistry of FinanceRBISEBI

Key Stakeholders

HomebuyersReal Estate DevelopersSlum DwellersTaxpayersBanks & NBFCsInvestors

Government Context

NDA IIIBJP-led NDA
Centre-Right
LeftCentreRight

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