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ActHistoricalThursday, 25 August 2005

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA/MGNREGA), 2005

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Central or state Act — primary legislation passed by the legislature. Carries binding force and shapes the rules under which citizens, institutions, and markets operate.

Summary

Guaranteed 100 days of wage employment per year to every rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. The world's largest public works programme, providing a social safety net to millions. Later renamed MGNREGA.

Key Facts

TypeAct
SourceHistorical Record (Curated)
PublishedThursday, 25 August 2005
Affected Population~900 million rural population, 250,000 gram panchayats

Key Numbers

PMAY-G: 2.95 crore houses sanctioned
PMGSY: 7.25 lakh km rural roads
SHG network: 9 crore women members
4 Labour Codes consolidating 29 laws

Key Authorities

Ministry of Rural DevelopmentMinistry of Panchayati RajMinistry of Labour & EmploymentEPFOESIC

Key Stakeholders

Rural HouseholdsGram PanchayatsSHGsWorkersTrade UnionsEmployers

Government Context

UPA ICongress-led UPA
Centre-Left
LeftCentreRight

Impact Assessment

9/10
Impact Score
Beneficiaries7.8 crore households (2025-26)
Budget AllocationRs 86K Crore
CoverageAll states and UTs
Implementation StatusOperational
92% implemented

Key Outcomes

  • World's largest employment guarantee programme
  • 290+ crore person-days of work generated annually
  • Critical safety net during economic shocks and pandemics

Challenges

  • Wage payment delays
  • Muster roll fraud
  • Declining real wage rates

SDG Alignment

1No Poverty8Decent Work

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